![]() ![]() This maiden was deeply troubled upon the death of her mother - who had often been slanderous towards the Three Jewels. In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra, the Buddha states that in the distant past eons, Kṣitigarbha was a maiden of the Brahmin caste by the name of Sacred Girl. Currently there is no definitive evidence indicating either an Indian or Chinese origin for the text. Since then, other scholars such as Gregory Schopen have pointed out that Indian Buddhism also had traditions of filial piety. It stated that Kṣitigarbha practised filial piety as a mortal, which eventually led to making great vows to save all sentient beings. Part of the reason for suspicion is that the text advocates filial piety, which was stereotypically associated with Chinese culture. However, some scholars have suspected that instead of being translated, this text may have originated in China, since no Sanskrit manuscripts of this text have been found. The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra was first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese between 695 and 700 CE, during the Tang dynasty, by the Tripiṭaka master Śikṣānanda, a Buddhist monk from Khotan who also provided a new translation of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra and the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra. Once the Buddha was abiding in Trayastrimsas Heaven in order to expound the Dharma to his mother." The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra begins, " Thus have I heard. This sutra is said to have been spoken by the Buddha towards the end of his life to the beings of the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven as a mark of gratitude and remembrance for his beloved mother, Maya. The story of Kṣitigarbha was first described in the Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra, one of the most popular Mahayana sutras. ![]() Because of this important role, shrines to Kṣitigarbha often occupy a central role in temples, especially within the memorial halls or mausoleums. This name is a reference to his pledge, as recorded in the sutras, to take responsibility for the instruction of all beings in the six worlds in the era between the parinirvana of the Buddha and the rise of Maitreya. His full name in Chinese is Dayuan Dizang Pusa ( Chinese: 大願地藏菩薩 pinyin: Dàyuàn Dìzàng Púsà), or "Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva of the Great Vow," pronounced Daigan Jizō Bosatsu in Japanese, Jijang Bosal in Korean, Đại Nguyện Địa Tạng Vương Bồ Tát in Vietnamese. After the Tang, he became increasingly depicted as a monk carrying Buddhist prayer beads and a staff. Kṣitigarbha is one of the four principal bodhisattvas along with Samantabhadra, Manjusri, and Avalokiteśvara in East Asian Mahayana Buddhism.Īt the pre- Tang dynasty grottos in Dunhuang and Longmen, he is depicted in a classical bodhisattva form. ![]() Overview Ceramic statue of Kṣitigarbha in the Nguyễn dynasty, 19th century Usually depicted as a monk with a halo around his shaved head, he carries a staff to force open the gates of hell and a wish-fulfilling jewel to light up the darkness. He is therefore often regarded as the bodhisattva of hell-beings, as well as the guardian of children and patron deity of deceased children and aborted fetuses in Japanese culture. Kṣitigarbha is known for his vow to take responsibility for the instruction of all beings in the six worlds between the death of Gautama Buddha and the rise of Maitreya, as well as his vow not to achieve Buddhahood until all hells are emptied. His name may be translated as "Earth Treasury", "Earth Store", "Earth Matrix", or "Earth Womb". Kṣitigarbha ( Sanskrit: क्षितिगर्भ, Chinese: 地藏 pinyin: Dìzàng Japanese: 地蔵 rōmaji: Jizō Korean: 지장 (地藏) romaja: Jijang Vietnamese: Địa Tạng (地藏), Standard Tibetan: ས་ཡི་སྙིང་པོ་ Wylie: sa yi snying po) is a bodhisattva primarily revered in East Asian Buddhism and usually depicted as a Buddhist monk. JSTOR ( July 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. ![]()
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